Short Biography of Imam Hasan (a.s)

Name: HASAN(a.s.)
Father: ALI bin ABI TALIB(a.s)
Mother: FATEMA ZAHRA(s.a)
Titles: Mujtaba , Sayyed , Taqi , Zaki , Sibt, Tayyab
Kuniyyat: Abu Muhammad
Birth: 15th Ramadhanul Mubarak 3rd Hijri
Place of Birth: Madina Munawwara, Hijaz
Martyrdom: 28th Safar 50 Hijri
Buried: Jannatul Baqii ( Madina Munawwara)
Wives: Umme Basher , Khaula , Umme Ishaq ,Hafsa , Hind , Joda ,
Children: 9 sons 7 daughters (as per Marhum Tabarsi)
Killer: Muawiya through Joda binte ashas by poisoning
Age: 47 years
Imamat duration: 10 years

The Treaty agreed upon between Moawiya and Imam Hasan (as) tells us the following salient points:

1. That Moawiya should rule strictly according to the Holy Qur’an and the Sunna of the Prophet.

2. That Moawiya should not appoint or nominate anyone to the Khilafat after him but that the choice should be left to the Muslims.

3. That the people should be left in peace, wherever they are in the land of God.

4. That the persecution of the companions of Imam ‘Ali (as) should immediately be stopped; their lives and properties and families guaranteed safe conduct and peace.

5. That the cursing of Imam ‘Ali (as) from the pulpit should stop immediately.

6. That no harm should be done secretly or openly against Imam Hasan and his brother Imam Husayn or any of the Ahlul Bayt. (as)

This agreement concluded, Imam Hasan (as) went to Kufa, shortly followed by Moawiya who came there to take the allegiance of the people. In a speech delivered in front of Moawaiya, Imam Hasan (as) explained the situation clearly:

“O’People, Allah has guided you through our elders (Muhammad and ‘Ali) and spared you from bloodshed through those who followed (referring to himself). Indeed this (the Khilafat) is nothing but a passing phase, these worldly possessions keep shifting and changing hands."

History tells us that from day one Moawiya did not comply with any one of the terms of the treaty agreed upon between him and Imam Hasan (as) He trampled the treaty under his feet saying to the people of Kufa,”do you think I have taken power to teach you about Islam.

No, I have taken power for the sake of it and if any one of you tries to disagree with me shall pay a costly price of losing his head.(Taarikul Kholafa, Jalaluddin Soyuti)

Hujr Ibne Adii

Before demolition

"Hujr ibn Adii Al Kindi [ra] was a pious companion of the Prophet (saws) and played a vital role in the correction of the Ummah. During Muawiyah's reign when the custom of cursing Imam Ali (a.s.) {the best companion and son-in-law of Prophet Mohammad (s.a.)} from the pulpit's of Mosques began, hearts of the Muslims were being bled dry but people bit their tongues fearing death. In Kufa Hujr ibn Adi could not remain silent and he began to praise Ali (a.s) and condemn Muawiyah.
Until Mughaira remained the Governor of Kufa, he adopted a lenient attitude towards this, but when Ziyad's Governorship of Basra was extended to include Kufa, serious altercations arose. He would curse Ali (a.s) during the khutbah and Hujar would refute him.
On one occasion he (Hujr) warned Ziyad for being late for Friday prayers. Ziyad then arrested him along with twelve of his companions on false accusations of forming an opposition group to overthrow the Khalifa and was cursing the Khalifa. He also gathered witnesses to testify against them alleging that they claimed that khilafat was the exclusive right of the lineage of `Ali ibne Abi Talib and further accused them of creating an uproar, throwing out the commander and of supporting `Abu Turab Ali, of sending blessings upon him and hating his enemies. From amongst these witnesses, Qadi Shudhri's testimony was used. He later wrote to Muawiyah that the blood and property of people who said they offered Salaah, paid zakaat, and performed Hajj and Umrah, preached right and declared that evil was haram, however if you want to kill them so be it, otherwise forgive them.
The accused were sent to Muawiyah and he sentenced them to death. A condition was placed that if they cursed `Ali (a.s) and showed their hatred to him they would be pardoned. They refused and Hujr ibn Adii said `I will not say that thing that will displease Allah'.
Finally Hujr ibn Adii, his son Humaan ibn Hujar and his seven companions were murdered. From amongst them Abdur Rahman bin Hasan was sent back to return with a written instruction that he be murdered in the worst possible manner, Ziyad buried him alive."
-Sunni scholar Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi in his book Caliphs and Kings (Khilafat-o-Mulookiyat).